integration rule. The rule that if the parties to a contract have embodied their agreement in a final document, any other action or statement is without effect and is immaterial in determining the terms of the contract. See PAROL EVIDENCE RULE . [Cases: Contracts 245; Evidence 397(2).C.J.S. Contracts § 416; Evidence §§ 1159–1160, 1278–1280.]
partial integration rule 部分采证规则 即协议未全部采用书面形式时，对未采用书面形式的部分可以口头证据证明，而对已经书面载明的部分则不得再提出口头证据。
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parol-evidence rule. Contracts. The common-law principle that a writing intended by the parties to be a final embodiment of their agreement cannot be modified by evidence of earlier or contemporaneous agreements that might add to, vary, or contradict the writing. • This rule usu. operates to prevent a party from introducing extrinsic evidence of negotiations
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integration clause. A contractual provision stating that the contract represents the parties’ complete and final agreement and supersedes all informal understandings and oral agreements relating to the subject matter of the contract. — Also termed merger clause; entire-agreement clause. See INTEGRATION(2); PAROL-EVIDENCE RULE. [Cases: Contracts 245; Evidence 397(2). C.J.S. Contracts § 416; Evidence §§ 1159–1160,
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integration n. (1)结合；综合；整合 使组合为一个整体的过程。 (2)种族融合；取消种族隔离 主要用于美国，指为消除历史上的种族隔离〔racial discrimination〕影响而使不同种族相互存在于同一机构，诸如公安学校。 (3)(合同法)合同的完整文本；合同的完整性 指对当事人合意的充分表述，从而优先于当事人在此前达成的合意。其法律效果在于，任何一方当事人在此后不得与此合同条款相冲突或有所增益，亦作「merger」。 (4)合并 在反托拉斯法中，指某一公司通过进入其自行开拓的市场，或者通过收购其他在次级市场中从事经营的公司，或者通过与其他在次级市场中从事经营的其他公司签订合同等方式而达到在公开市场上进行操纵之目的。亦作垂直合并〔vertical integration〕。 (5)(证券法)证券合并 指在某一时期内把所有证券的发行视为一次发行而所需的条件，意在避免登记。在美国，证券交易委员会与法院在决定多次证券交易是否属于证券的同一次发行时确立了五项标准：１是否属于同一项融资计划；２是否涉及相同种类证券的发行；３是否在(大约)相同时期作出发行；４是否收到相同种类的对价；５是否为相同的总的目的而作出发行。 (→parol evidence rule; merger)
Contracts. The common-law principle that a writing intended by the parties to be a final embodiment of their agreement cannot be modified by evidence of earlier or contemporaneous agreements that might add to, vary, or contradict the writing. • This rule usu. operates to prevent a party from introducing extrinsic evidence of negotiations that occurred
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collateral contract doctrine 从契约规则 口头证据规则〔parol evidence rule〕的一个例外，在许多方面与部分集成原则〔doctrine of partial integration〕相似。该规则允许以口头证据证明书面契约当事人间独立的口头契约，口头证据规则并不影响独立于书面契约的从契约。
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